וְשַׁ֣בְתִּֽי returned, šûb אֲנִ֗י So I ʾănî וָאֶרְאֶה֙ and considered rāʾâ אֶת ʾēt כָּל all kōl הָ֣עֲשֻׁקִ֔ים the oppressions ʿāšûq אֲשֶׁ֥ר that ʾăšer נַעֲשִׂ֖ים are done ʿāśâ תַּ֣חַת under taḥat הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ the sun: šemeš וְהִנֵּ֣ה׀ and behold hinnē דִּמְעַ֣ת the tears dimʿâ הָעֲשֻׁקִ֗ים of oppressed, ʿāšûq וְאֵ֤ין and they had no ʾayin לָהֶם֙ מְנַחֵ֔ם comforter; nāḥam וּמִיַּ֤ד and on the side yād עֹֽשְׁקֵיהֶם֙ of their oppressors ʿāšaq כֹּ֔חַ power; kōaḥ וְאֵ֥ין but they had no ʾayin לָהֶ֖ם מְנַחֵֽם׃ comforter. nāḥam

וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַ praised šābaḥ אֲנִ֛י Wherefore I ʾănî אֶת ʾēt הַמֵּתִ֖ים the dead mût שֶׁכְּבָ֣ר which are already kĕbār מֵ֑תוּ dead mût מִן more than min הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים the living ḥay אֲשֶׁ֛ר which ʾăšer הֵ֥מָּה hēm חַיִּ֖ים alive. ḥay עֲדֶֽנָה׃ are yet ʿăden

וְטוֹב֙ Yea, better ṭôb מִשְּׁנֵיהֶ֔ם than both šĕnayim אֵ֥ת they, ʾēt אֲשֶׁר which ʾăšer עֲדֶ֖ן yet ʿăden לֹ֣א hath not lōʾ הָיָ֑ה been, hāyâ אֲשֶׁ֤ר who ʾăšer לֹֽא hath not lōʾ רָאָה֙ seen rāʾâ אֶת ʾēt הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה work maʿăśe הָרָ֔ע the evil raʿ אֲשֶׁ֥ר that ʾăšer נַעֲשָׂ֖ה is done ʿāśâ תַּ֥חַת under taḥat הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ the sun. šemeš

וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי considered rāʾâ אֲנִ֜י Again, I ʾănî אֶת ʾēt כָּל all kōl עָמָ֗ל travail, ʿāmāl וְאֵת֙ ʾēt כָּל and every kōl כִּשְׁר֣וֹן right kišrôn הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה work, maʿăśe כִּ֛י that kî הִ֥יא for this hûʾ קִנְאַת is envied qinʾâ אִ֖ישׁ a man ʾîš מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ of his neighbour. rēaʿ גַּם also gam זֶ֥ה This ze הֶ֖בֶל vanity hebel וּרְע֥וּת and vexation rĕʿût רֽוּחַ׃ of spirit. rûaḥ

הַכְּסִיל֙ The fool kĕsîl חֹבֵ֣ק foldeth together, ḥābaq אֶת ʾēt יָדָ֔יו his hands yād וְאֹכֵ֖ל and eateth ʾākal אֶת ʾēt בְּשָׂרֽוֹ׃ his own flesh. bāśār

ט֕וֹב Better ṭôb מְלֹ֥א mĕlōʾ כַ֖ף an handful kap נָ֑חַת quietness, naḥat מִמְּלֹ֥א full mĕlōʾ חָפְנַ֛יִם than both the hands ḥōpen עָמָ֖ל travail ʿāmāl וּרְע֥וּת and vexation rĕʿût רֽוּחַ׃ of spirit. rûaḥ

וְשַׁ֧בְתִּי returned, šûb אֲנִ֛י Then I ʾănî וָאֶרְאֶ֥ה and I saw rāʾâ הֶ֖בֶל vanity hebel תַּ֥חַת under taḥat הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ the sun. šemeš

יֵ֣שׁ There is yēš אֶחָד֩ one ʾeḥād וְאֵ֨ין and not ʾayin שֵׁנִ֜י a second; šēnî גַּ֣ם yea, gam בֵּ֧ן child bēn וָאָ֣ח nor brother: ʾāḥ אֵֽין he hath neither ʾayin ל֗וֹ וְאֵ֥ין yet no ʾayin קֵץ֙ end qēṣ לְכָל of all kōl עֲמָל֔וֹ his labour; ʿāmāl גַּם also gam עֵינ֖יוֹ is his eye ʿayin לֹא neither lōʾ תִשְׂבַּ֣ע satisfied śābaʿ עֹ֑שֶׁר with riches; ʿōšer וּלְמִ֣י׀ neither For whom mî אֲנִ֣י do I ʾănî עָמֵ֗ל labour, ʿāmēl וּמְחַסֵּ֤ר and bereave ḥāsēr אֶת ʾēt נַפְשִׁי֙ my soul nepeš מִטּוֹבָ֔ה of good? ṭôb גַּם gam זֶ֥ה This ze הֶ֛בֶל vanity, hebel וְעִנְיַ֥ן travail. ʿinyān רָ֖ע a sore raʿ הֽוּא׃ yea, it hûʾ

טוֹבִ֥ים better ṭôb הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם Two šĕnayim מִן than min הָאֶחָ֑ד one; ʾeḥād אֲשֶׁ֧ר because ʾăšer יֵשׁ they have yēš לָהֶ֛ם hēm שָׂכָ֥ר reward śākār ט֖וֹב a good ṭôb בַּעֲמָלָֽם׃ for their labour. ʿāmāl

כִּ֣י For kî אִם if ʾim יִפֹּ֔לוּ they fall, nāpal הָאֶחָ֖ד the one ʾeḥād יָקִ֣ים will lift up qûm אֶת ʾēt חֲבֵר֑וֹ his fellow: ḥābēr וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ but woe ʾî הָֽאֶחָד֙ to him alone ʾeḥād שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל when he falleth; nāpal וְאֵ֥ין for not ʾayin שֵׁנִ֖י another šēnî לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃ to help him up. qûm

גַּ֛ם Again, gam אִם if ʾim יִשְׁכְּב֥וּ lie together, šākab שְׁנַ֖יִם two šĕnayim וְחַ֣ם then they have heat: ḥāmam לָהֶ֑ם וּלְאֶחָ֖ד can one ʾeḥād אֵ֥יךְ but how ʾêk יֵחָֽם׃ be warm yāḥam

וְאִֽם And if ʾim יִתְקְפוֹ֙ prevail against tāqap הָאֶחָ֔ד one ʾeḥād הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם him, two šĕnayim יַעַמְד֣וּ shall withstand ʿāmad נֶגְדּ֑וֹ neged וְהַחוּט֙ cord ḥûṭ הַֽמְשֻׁלָּ֔שׁ him; and a threefold šālaš לֹ֥א is not lōʾ בִמְהֵרָ֖ה quickly mĕhērâ יִנָּתֵֽק׃ broken. nātaq

ט֛וֹב Better ṭôb יֶ֥לֶד child yeled מִסְכֵּ֖ן a poor miskēn וְחָכָ֑ם and a wise ḥākām מִמֶּ֤לֶךְ king, melek זָקֵן֙ than an old zāqēn וּכְסִ֔יל and foolish kĕsîl אֲשֶׁ֛ר who ʾăšer לֹא no lōʾ יָדַ֥ע will yādaʿ לְהִזָּהֵ֖ר be admonished. zāhar עֽוֹד׃ more ʿôd

כִּֽי For kî מִבֵּ֥ית out of prison bayit הָסוּרִ֖ים ʾēsûr יָצָ֣א he cometh yāṣāʾ לִמְלֹ֑ךְ to reign; mālak כִּ֛י whereas kî גַּ֥ם also gam בְּמַלְכוּת֖וֹ in his kingdom malkût נוֹלַ֥ד born yālad רָֽשׁ׃ becometh poor. rûš

רָאִ֙יתִי֙ I considered rāʾâ אֶת ʾēt כָּל all kōl הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים the living ḥay הַֽמְהַלְּכִ֖ים which walk hālak תַּ֣חַת under taḥat הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ the sun, šemeš עִ֚ם with ʿim הַיֶּ֣לֶד child yeled הַשֵּׁנִ֔י the second šēnî אֲשֶׁ֥ר that ʾăšer יַעֲמֹ֖ד shall stand up in his stead. ʿāmad תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ taḥat

אֵֽין no ʾayin קֵ֣ץ end qēṣ לְכָל of all kōl הָעָ֗ם the people, ʿam לְכֹ֤ל of all kōl אֲשֶׁר that ʾăšer הָיָה֙ have been hāyâ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם before pānîm גַּ֥ם them: they also gam הָאַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים that come after ʾaḥărôn לֹ֣א shall not lōʾ יִשְׂמְחוּ rejoice śāmaḥ ב֑וֹ כִּֽי in him. Surely kî גַם also gam זֶ֥ה this ze הֶ֖בֶל vanity hebel וְרַעְי֥וֹן and vexation raʿyôn רֽוּחַ׃ of spirit. rûaḥ